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Teaching your child to read
Phase 2 introduces simple letter-sound correspondences. As each set of letters is introduced, children are encouraged to use their new knowledge to sound out and blend words. For example, they will learn to blend the sounds s–a–t to make the word sat.
at, a, sat, pat, tap, sap, as
Set 2:
i – it, is, sit, pit, tip
n – an, in, nip, pan, nap
m – am, man, mat, map, Tim
d – dad, and, sad, dim, Sid
Set 3:
g – tag, gag, sag, gas, pig
o – got, on, not, top, dog
c – can, cot, cop, cap, cod
k – kid, kit, Kim, Ken
Set 4:
ck – kick, sack, dock, sick, pocket
e – get, pet, ten, net, pen
u – up, mum, run, mug, cup
r – rip, ram, rat, rocket, carrot
Set 5:
h – had, him, his, hot, hut
b – but, big, back, bed, bus
f, ff – of, if, off, fit, fog, puff
l, ll – let, leg, lot, bell, doll
ss – less, hiss, mass, mess, boss
Phase 2 tricky words:
the, to, no, go, I, into
Examples of the Phase 2 phonics programme
Phase 2 Phonics Letters and Sounds aim to develop the following skills:
Knowledge and understanding of at least 19 letters
Practising letter recognition for reading and recall for spelling
Practising oral blending and segmentation
Practising blending for reading VC and CVC words
VC and CVC words for spelling
Practising high-frequency common words
Exposure to two-syllable words for reading
The 19 letters mentioned above are to be taught in 5 sets, with a set being taught each week. The sets are as follows:
Phase 2 Phonics Educational Video
Phase 3
In Phase 3, children build on the letter-sound correspondences learned in Phase 2. They learn consonant digraphs (sounds made up of two letters together such as ‘ch’ or ‘ll’) and long vowel sounds (such as ‘igh’ or ‘ai’).
Set 6:
j – jet, jam, jog, Jan
v – van, vet, velvet
w – wig, will, web
x – fox, box, six
Set 7:
y – yes, yet, yell
z – zip, zig-zag
zz – buzz, jazz
qu – quit, quick, liquid
Consonant digraphs:
ch – chip, chat, rich
sh – shop, shed, fish
th – thin, moth, that
ng – ring, thing, song
Vowel digraphs and trigraphs:
ai – rain, tail, aim
ee – bee, leek, see
igh – high, sigh, might
oa – boat, toad, foal
oo (long)– boot, food, moon
oo (short)– book, wood, foot
ar – park, art, car
or – for, torn, fork
ur – hurt, fur, surf
ow – cow, owl, town
oi – coin, boil, oil
ear – dear, shear, year
air – fair, pair, hair
ure – sure, pure, manure
er – dinner, summer, letter
Phase 3 tricky words:
he, she, we, me, be, was, you, they, all, are, my, her
Examples of the Phase 3 phonics programme
Phase 3 Letters and Sounds activities are broken into broad groups:
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Teaching Letter Names
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Introducing and Teaching Two-Letter and Three-Letter GPCs (- the relationship. between sounds and the letters which represent those sounds; also. known as 'letter-sound correspondences'). For example “sh” is a phoneme sound, but it's made up of two letters, meaning it's also a grapheme due to the breaking down of that sound into letters. More examples are: 1 letter - p, c, k. 2 letters - sh, oi, ow, ah.
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Practising Grapheme Recognition for Reading and Spelling
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Practising Blending for Reading
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Practising Segmentation for Spelling
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Teaching and Practising High Frequency Words
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Teaching, Reading and Spelling Two-Syllable Words
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Practising Reading and Writing Captions and Sentences
The letters learned in sets 6 and 7 are as follows:
Set 6 Set 7
The graphemes encountered are shown below:
Grapheme Example
ch chop
ar arm
sh ship
or for
th thick/there
ur hurt
ng sing
ow now
ai rain
oi coin
ee sheep
ear near
igh fight
air hair
oa boat
ure pure
oo look
er digger
Children will consolidate their knowledge during this phase and they will learn to read and spell words which have adjacent consonants (for example, trap, strong, milk and crept).
Children will also learn about consonant clusters: two consonants located together in a word, such tr, cr, st, lk, pl.
A consonant cluster is when two consonants are positioned together. They can appear at the start of a word, for example:
st in stay
fr in friend
cr in croak
Or at the end of a word:
sk in task
st in fast
nt in went
nd in sound
This is not to be confused with a consonant digraph, where the two letters make one sound. In a consonant cluster, you can hear the two sounds as you say the consonants.
CVCC and CCVC Words
'st' as in toast
'pl' as in plum
'sp' as in spoon
Tricky words
During this phase, the children will also be exposed to tricky words; words that cannot be sounded out.
Said so do have like some come
were there little one when out what